Accounts Payable
Money owed by a business to its suppliers shown as a liability on a company’s balance sheet.
Accounts Receivable
Money owed to a business by its customers for goods or services delivered.
Articles of Association
A document that specifies the regulations for a company’s operations and defines the company’s purpose.
Balance Sheet
A financial statement that summarises a company’s assets, liabilities, and shareholders’ equity at a specific point in time.
Business Rates
A tax on non-domestic properties, such as shops, offices, pubs, warehouses, and factories.
Business Plan
A detailed document outlining a company’s goals, strategies, and financial projections.
Capital Gains Tax (CGT)
A tax on the profit when you sell (or ‘dispose of’) something (an ‘asset’) that’s increased in value.
Cash Flow
The net amount of cash being transferred into and out of a business.
Companies House
The UK government agency where all limited companies in the UK are registered.
Directors’ Duties
Legal obligations set out by the Companies Act 2006, which directors of companies must adhere to.
Dividend
A payment made by a corporation to its shareholders, usually in the form of a distribution of profits.
Employer’s Liability Insurance
A legal requirement for most businesses to cover costs of compensating employees who are injured or become ill through work.
Equity
The value of the shares issued by a company.
Fixed Assets
Long-term tangible assets used in the operations of a business.
Franchise
A type of license that a party (franchisee) acquires to allow them to have access to a business’s (the franchisor) proprietary knowledge, processes, and trademarks.
Gross Profit
A company’s revenue minus its cost of goods sold (COGS).
Grant
A sum of money given by an organisation, especially a government, for a particular purpose.
Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs (HMRC)
The UK’s tax, payments, and customs authority.
Holding Company
A company created to buy and own the shares of other companies, which it then controls.
Incorporation
The process of legally declaring a corporate entity as separate from its owners.
Insolvency
A state where an individual or organisation can no longer meet financial obligations with lender(s) when debts come due.
Joint Venture
A commercial enterprise undertaken jointly by two or more parties that otherwise retain their distinct identities.
Limited Company (Ltd)
A company whose liability is limited by shares (Ltd by Shares) or by guarantee (Ltd by Guarantee).
Limited Liability Partnership (LLP)
A partnership in which some or all partners have limited liabilities.
Market Research
The process of gathering, analysing, and interpreting information about a market.
Merger
A combination of two companies to form a new company.
Net Profit
The actual profit after working expenses not included in the calculation of gross profit have been paid.
Patent
A government authority or license conferring a right or title for a set period, especially the sole right to exclude others from making, using, or selling an invention.
Payroll
The total amount of wages paid by a company to its employees.
Receivership
A type of corporate bankruptcy in which a receiver is appointed by bankruptcy courts or creditors to run the company.
Revenue
The income generated from normal business operations.
Self-Assessment
A system HMRC uses to collect Income Tax.
Shareholders
Individuals or entities that own shares in a corporation.
Trade Mark
A recognisable sign, design, or expression which identifies products or services of a particular source from those of others.
Turnover
The total sales made by a business in a certain period.
Unique Selling Proposition (USP)
A factor that differentiates a product from its competitors, such as the lowest cost, the highest quality, or the first-ever product of its kind.
Value Added Tax (VAT)
A tax added to most goods and services sold for consumption.
Working Capital
The difference between a company’s current assets and current liabilities.